Common positioning methods - Angle based (AoA, AoD)

Basically all wireless technologies support AoA positioning, we mentioned above BLE, Wi-Fi, UWB, CSS, and even UHF.

The basic principle of angular positioning is realized by array antenna. By using the IQ value of the reached signal, the Angle is

calculated, and depending on the capability of the array antenna, the horizontal Angle and the pitch Angle can be provided. The

horizontal Angle can realize two-dimensional positioning, and the increase of pitch Angle can support three-dimensional positioning.

AoA (Angle of Arrival) : is the label to the base station;

AoD (Angle of Departure) : is the base station to the label;

When designing the AoA, the distance between the center points of the two antennas in the array is generally half a wavelength, so

the lower the frequency, the larger the array antenna will be, the higher the frequency, and the smaller the entire array of antennas

(in the case of the same number of antennas).

AoA/AoD positioning accuracy depends on several factors:

1, the accuracy of the base station Angle sampling, the higher the Angle sampling accuracy, the better the positioning accuracy;

2, the distance from the label to the base station, in principle, the closer the better, but it is best not to be directly below;

3. Avoid multiple paths